Long Island-born Jupiter Hammon is believed to be the first published African American poet and essayist. A devout Christian, he is considered one of the founders of African-American literature. His essays were directed to slave readers and featured themes of morality and Christian salvation. Later in life he explained that he wrote as a “father and friend” of the slave community, offering a sense of spirituality in lives filled with fear and uncertainty. Hammon’s writing encouraged his slave readers to “cheerfully perform the duties of the day,” and he often proselytized that submission to God would lead to salvation, and eventual freedom.
His “Evening Thought, Salvation by Christ, with Penitential Cries,” was published in 1761-when Phillis Wheatley was only 8 years old and 9 years before her first broadside publication, entitled “Elegy on the Death of Whitefield.” His first essay, “Winter Piece,” appeared in 1782. The speech “An Address to the Negroes in the State of New York,” delivered in 1787 by Hammon is also thought to be the first oration by an African American that would later be published. Here he addresses the African Americans of his state, listing what he believes will be the virtues that will win them the support of the surrounding white population.
Poet and essayist Hammon published his writing while living and working as a slave in Revolutionary-era New England. He is the first male African American poet and writer to be published in the United States. In his own day, Hammon was well known.
He became a fervent Christian, as were the Lloyds. He is known to have purchased a Bible from his master in 1773. He was also a preacher among fellow slaves.
Jupiter Hammon - Poet & Preacher black mirror season 5
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Long Island-born Jupiter Hammon is believed to be the first published African American poet and essayist. A devout Christian, he is considered one of the founders of African-American literature. His essays were directed to slave readers and featured themes of morality and Christian salvation. Later in life he explained that he wrote as a “father and friend” of the slave community, offering a sense of spirituality in lives filled with fear and uncertainty. Hammon’s writing encouraged his slave readers to “cheerfully perform the duties of the day,” and he often proselytized that submission to God would lead to salvation, and eventual freedom.
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